Nerium oleander toxicity: A review

Nerium oleander is a plant that commonly seen in gardens and public spaces. N. was originally found subtropical Asia, but it now spread all over the world, including United States, Australia, China, Middle Eastern nations. It also an attractive popular tropical climates becoming more frequent temperate regions. Poisoning from can occur both animals humans. documented on infrequent basis, particularly as result of consumption poisonous cardiac glycoside-containing leaves (primarily oleandrin). The toxic effects plants or their active alkaloids caused infiltration cells with haemorrhage severe negative changes lungs, inflammatory into portal spaces scattered necrosis hepatocytes liver, toxicity heart, which varying degrees haemorrhage, myocardial degeneration, necrosis. In electrocardiographic recordings, arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, prolonged P-R interval. Oleandrin detected blood, serum, milk, cheese samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. most prevalent clinical manifestations were sadness, anorexia, ruminal atony, diarrhea, serous nasal discharge, tachycardia, irregular pulse. oleander's mostly due to its inhibitory Na+-K+ ATPase pump cellular membrane. identification leaf feces will be diagnostically important measurement oleandrin serum. Toxins are treated symptomatically. TLC, HPLC, LCMS-MS techniques used detect oleandrin.